Can i use parentheses in apa

Example: St. James University offered courses in a dental repair, b radioactive-spider testing, c peach cobblering, and d fairy tale indexing.

For more information about parentheses usage, check out APA 7, Section 6. Do Not Use Parentheses When Enclosing material within other parentheses. Use brackets instead.

Constructing a sentence using back-to-back parentheses. You can create your own wording for the bracketed description see Section 9. Do not italicize bracketed information, even if the title of the work is italicized. The following example YouTube video reference contains a bracketed description of form i. American Psychological Association. Introducing the 7th ed. In general, to determine whether to use parentheses or brackets in a reference, look at the template and reference example in the Publication Manual for the type of work you want to cite.

When both parentheses and brackets are present, place the parenthetical information first and the bracketed description second. The following dissertation example reference contains both parentheses and brackets corresponding to the publication number in parentheses and the description of the context of the work in brackets. Philips, L. PQDT Open. If you are submitting a thesis we will modify APA style according to the preferred thesis style of most universities.

Parentheses within Parentheses. What do you do when you need to insert a set of parentheses within another set of parentheses? For example: e. For example, instead of: Dr Jones an authority on the issue under review smoking cessation strategies discussed this at length in his paper.

Glancing through the references examples on pages — of the APA Publication Manual, you may notice that some references include information in brackets. These brackets always appear immediately following the title element and any of its parenthetical information. Understanding this element of an APA Style reference can give you great flexibility when creating references. But these are not the only possible notations. This is useful when you need to clarify the type of source.

For example, although Example 50 p. Using brackets in APA style references. Parentheses typically enclose extra information: either citations, which provide source details readers may or may not need or act on, or an extra thought or illustrative idea that did not warrant full elaboration in the text.

As helpful as information in parentheses can be, it also is an interruption to the regular text, so keeping it to the point is ideal. To that end, here are some things that should be done in parentheses that should not be done in regular text:. Please note in the examples that commas are used with Latin abbreviations where they logically would go if the phrases were written out.

To help, here is a handy printable guide to Latin phrases. It looks like you're using Internet Explorer 11 or older.